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The Eastern Siberia–Pacific Ocean oil pipeline (ESPO pipeline, (ロシア語:''Нефтепровод "Восточная Сибирь - Тихий океан" (ВСТО)'')) is a pipeline system for exporting Russian crude oil to the Asia-Pacific markets (Japan, China and Korea). The pipeline is built and operated by Russian pipeline company Transneft. ==History== The original project of this pipeline was proposed by the Russian oil company Yukos in 2001 as an independent oil pipeline. The project proposed to build a pipeline from Angarsk, where Yukos operated a refinery, to Daqing in northern China.〔 〕 At the same time, Transneft proposed an alternative project to pipe oil from Taishet in Irkutsk Oblast to the Far East port Kozmino near Nakhodka.〔 〕 In May 2003, the Russian Government decided to combine these projects and that Transneft would be in charge of the pipeline, while Yukos would supply the oil.〔 〕 On 29 May 2003, Russia and China signed an agreement on construction of the pipeline.〔 On 31 December 2004, the Russian government approved the construction of the pipeline from Taishet in East Siberia to Pervoznaya in the Pacific region.〔 〕 Construction of the pipeline started in April 2006.〔 〕 On 4 October 2008, the section between Taishet and Talakan was launched in a reverse to pump oil from Surgutneftegas-owned Alinsky deposit.〔 〕 The first stage of the pipeline was completely laid in May 2009 and the whole first stage was reversed in December 2009. The terminal at Kozmino was inaugurated by Russian prime minister Vladimir Putin on 28 December 2009.〔 〕 Construction of the second stage from Skovorodino to the Pacific Ocean started after launch of the first stage.〔 In meantime, oil was transported from Skovorodino to Kozmino by railway.〔 〕 The second stage was inaugurated on 25 December 2012.〔 〕 In June 2009, Russia and China signed a deal to built the spur pipeline to China by which Russia supplies China with 15 million tonnes of oil () each year for 20 years in exchange for a loan worth US$25 billion to Russian companies Transneft and Rosneft for pipeline and oil fields development.〔 〕 Construction of the spur to China started in the Russian territory on 27 April 2008 and in Chinese territory on 18 May 2009.〔〔 〕 The long section from Skovorodino to the Amur River on Russia-China border was built by Transneft and the long section from Russia-China border to Daqing was built by the China National Petroleum Corporation.〔 〕 It was completed in September 2010.〔 〕 On 1 January 2011, Russia said it had begun scheduled oil shipments to China.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eastern Siberia–Pacific Ocean oil pipeline」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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